Lying to an Nco

I am going to discuss in this article is the seven armed force esteems and the significance of them to the military. In the US armed force we are instructed to live by the Seven Army Values. They are separated to us in the abbreviation â€Å"LDRSHIP†. Reliability â€Å"Bear genuine confidence and devotion to the U. S. constitution, the Army, and different officers. † Duty â€Å" Fulfill you commitments. † Respect â€Å" Treat individuals as they ought to be dealt with . † Selfless Service â€Å" Put the government assistance of the country, the Army and your subordinates over your own. † Honor â€Å" Live up to the military qualities. †Integrity â€Å"Do what is correct lawfully and ethically. what's more, Personal Courage â€Å" Face dread, risk or difficulty (physical or moral). † We are completely penetrated on these seven armed force esteems from the very first moment of essential preparing. First we submit them to memory. At that point we figure out how to live by them. Lying is viewed in the public arena as one of the most misdirecting and unforgiving acts known to man. The definition alone says a lot with regards to why an individual, or an entire country so far as that is concerned, would think about this demonstration of ineptitude in such a negative visual perception. To lie intends to offer a false expression with the goal to trick, as indicated by the Webster’s dictionary.It likewise intends to just make a bogus or misdirecting proclamation intentionally. There are additionally numerous equivalent words to the word â€Å"lie,†, for example, evade the truth, dodge, palter, and lie. The word lie happens to be the most obtuse of this gathering. â€Å"Prevaricate† mollifies the obtuseness of a lie by inferring quibbling or confounding the issue. â€Å"Equivocate† infers utilizing words having more than one sense trying to state a certain something however to mean another. This is an endeavor to delude one without feeling as though one has lied. â€Å"Palter† infers offering untrustworthy expressions of certainty or aim or devious guarantees. Fib† applies to a recounting a trifling untruth.This is generally utilized while depicting â€Å"small lies. † People, for a wide plenty of reasons, lie. The most well-known explanation is for one’s individual increase. As youngsters, people discover that a basic falsehood will get you in the clear or it will help in a manner. untruths can be utilized unintentionally and without information on the announcement in any event, being a falsehood. In any case, lying isn't proper, regardless of whether it was inadvertent, and the liar ought to apologize fittingly when they are trapped in a lie.When an individual hotels to deceiving others they are just misleading themselves. An individual that is untrustworthy once will as a rule lie over and over and numerous callings have created notorieties as having an extraordinary greater part of liars in their field, which has prompted issues of open trust, even with those that are honest and legit. So for what reason do individuals decide to lie? An untruth generally begins as honest in nature however should be secured with a bigger increasingly complex falsehood and afterward another and soon the untruths develop to a point that the individual no longer knows the distinction between what is valid and what is a lie.Telling lies consistently prompts trickery; absence of trust, losing regard and by and large the departure of a vocation. In the military, a non-dispatched official, or a NCO, is an enrolled individual from an outfitted power who has been given authority by an appointed official, regularly a sergeant or corporal. Being a private, they are of higher position and merit a higher measure of regard. While misleading anybody is unsuitable, deceiving an individual of higher position, similar to a NCO, is even less worthy. In add ition to the fact that it gives off the feeling that the individual of lesser position doesn't regard his older folks, however it likewise corrupts the private's trustworthiness.Trust is everything. Without trust, we would not have the option to go to fight realizing that my friends will consistently have my back. Without trust, we can't regard each other. Obligation to me is achieving an errand that should be done, regardless of how much you’d rather be accomplishing something different. Regardless of whether you love it or abhor it, the assignment is there to be finished. On the off chance that one doesn't satisfy their obligations all the time, at that point everyone around them need to get a move on, and any feeling of reliability starts to become tarnished.Everyone needs to be regarded, it’s in our tendency, yet so as to acquire regard, as a matter of first importance one needs to regard oneself. Second, one needs to demonstrate regard to others so as to pick up r egard from them. On the off chance that one doesn’t demonstrate regard to somebody, that individual may frequently feel insulted and lose regard for the individual who insulted them. Magnanimous Service is the demonstration of playing out a help without anticipating any kind of close to home increase. One does the administration to help others, and out of the integrity of their heart or even out of a feeling of faithfulness to that individual or those people.When things put their best self forward, these are the individuals that you appreciate. At the point when things look their most exceedingly awful, these are the individuals that you supplicate are close by. On the off chance that the seven armed force esteems resembled a flight of stairs or a pyramid, at that point Honor would be at the top advance. It takes each of the seven of the military qualities and more to have a decent feeling of respect. Military bearing, otherwise called military control, is a condition of requ est and dutifulness included inside an order. This condition of request includes collaboration by the desire of an individual, and for the prosperity of their team.Military discipline is a specific utilization of constant order requests given by a warrior of telling position, yet is a condition of compliance that adheres to guidelines and capacities even without an officer, and despite misfortune. It is a direct result of our organization’s need to keep up a condition of consistent request that lying can not, must not, and will not go on without serious consequences. I expect to one day have the option to utilize the exercises gained from my missteps for instance for future warriors that may one day fall into my position.

Which former ally, the U.S. or the U.S.S.R., was most at fault for the Essay

Which previous partner, the U.S. or on the other hand the U.S.S.R., was most to blame for the Cold War - Essay Example The most influenced regions were the European nations albeit later the war reached out to Asia, Middle East and Third World nations as the two countries battled for strength. The war was described by weapons contest and space race with an inescapable threat of an atomic war ejecting. In any case, the inquiry that requirements noting is; who was liable for the war? Conventionalists accuse the U.S.S.R; the revisionists accuse the U.S while the post-revisionists accept both were to be faulted. This paper will contend that the U.S.S.R was exclusively to fault for the beginning of the virus war because of its expansionist thought processes and the need to spread socialism to the entire world. In spite of the fact that the US and U.S.S.R were the two independents (stayed impartial) in the two universal wars, obviously the two were common rivals. The US was a solid backer of the entrepreneur framework and trusted that all countries would grasp majority rules system while the U.S.S.R was a s olid pundit of the industrialist framework and a promoter of socialism. The Soviet needed to change over the world into socialism and abrogate private enterprise which was seen as exploitative. Moreover, the endeavor by the US to help hostile to socialist Russian powers in the 1918-1919 transformation was not overlooked. Be that as it may, when German attacked Soviet Union in 1941 a collusion was shaped between the two forces whereby the Soviet Union was to help US against the Japanese after finish of the Nazi-Soviet war. As indicated by Mooney, â€Å"Despite these shared enmities, President Roosevelt stretched out Lend-Lease help to the Soviets in November 1941 and started the wartime organization between the U.S.S.R. what's more, the U.S that suffered until the war’s effective conclusion† (165). Stalin was not veritable in his dealings as indicated by William Bullitt a consultant to the president. The principal signs came when Soviet demanded founding a temporary gov ernment in Poland alluded as the Lublin Committee and denied the Poland government in a state of banishment which was working in London. The Soviets were additionally advantaged by the Moscow understanding whereby Churchill and Stalin consented to recipe for division of post-war South Eastern Europe circles (75% for Britain and 25% for U.S.S.R). This empowered U.S.S.R to overwhelm the vast majority of Eastern Europe and advance its motivation. Another gathering for Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin was held in Yalta in 1945 whereby they consented to frame a worldwide harmony association and re-organize post-war guide of Europe. All things considered, the United Nations (UN) and the UN Security Council were framed. Be that as it may, the Soviet Union was against this Security Council as it would not recognize the socialist administration of China. As indicated by the Yalta understanding, each force was to control its ‘zone of occupation’ after the war in Germany yet Berlin City was to be separated among the four countries. The Americans censured the understanding and accused Roosevelt and Churchill for surrendering Eastern Europe to the Soviets. In any case, Robert Dalleck of Boston University expresses that, â€Å"this thought that Roosevelt and Churchill parted with Eastern Europe to the soviets is nonsense.†(60 years after the fact discussing Yalta). The Big three likewise made a Declaration on Liberated Europe which commanded the superpowers with the job of supporting the broke countries to modify themselves and furthermore make law based establishments voluntarily. This implied the countries were allowed to hold decisions and settle on the type of government they wished to establishment and which is receptive to people’s will. The superpowers couldn't meddle with majority rule procedures of those countries. Be that as it may, the Soviet Union challenged this standard and proceeded to build up a socialist government in Romania. The Soviet Union was

mortal pursuit essays

mortal interest papers Trish Robinson-She is a new kid on the block cop that entered the police power for about seven days. She has not done especially for her first week being a cop, however today she could never envision what she needed to experience. On the principal day of her second week she get hollered at by her skipper for being late, so he appoints her to oblige an accomplished cop on a night watch. From the very firs minute that the cop meets her, he can tell that she is extraordinary, and he realizes that she will end up being a great cop. Partner Kent-She is a young lady that is being held prisoner at her own home alongside her family, and her folks companions. She is just 15 years of age yet she is exceptionally keen, and extremely develop for her age. All through the entire difficulty she rapidly turns into a casualty and nearly gets assaulted by the headman of the entire activity. Until Trish and her accomplice go to the house, Ally turns into a great companion of Trish Robinson. Cain-He is the fear monger that has broken into the Kent family unit for the night, him and his murdering insane amigos have made the house a war zone. He had plans to burglarize the Kents and make two or three arrangements with Mr. Kent. Not until Trish Robinson shows up he knows the genuine significance of disdain towards someone else, yet he likewise discovers that it will be extremely difficult to dispose of her. Its simply one more normal watch for Trish Robinson and her accomplice Wald. Everything was going acceptable until the two of them reacted to a prowler watch outside of the Kent domain, meanwhile Cain and his fatal executioners are plotting to trap the Kents and their visitors inside their delightful home. While in transit to the Kents house Wald is consoling Trish that theres nothing to stress over and that she will be fine, and as a rule when somebody is announcing a prowler outside their home its a creature or something. It improves her vibe, bu ... <!

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT & FINANCE- Assessment Element 2 Essay

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT and FINANCE-Assessment Element 2 - Essay Example Monetary Position Key Financial Indicator: This piece of the report incorporates some key money related execution pointers for the three-retail mammoth of UK. This three organization shares practically 72% of UK retail piece of the overall industry. Taking a gander at the size of the organization it is significant for the executives to recognize the key monetary exhibition pointer for their association. Deals Growth This is one of the significant presentation marker for the majority of the organizations especially organizations inside retail segment. These organizations are serving shoppers by giving their essential and extravagance things. Deals development shows company’s current situation in the market as contrast with its friend gathering. Since UK retail showcase is right around an oligopoly advertise it very well may be effectively assess the exhibition and productivity of the administration of these three organizations. Working Profit Operating benefit is another proper exhibition estimation marker. Since these organizations are to a great extent using their fixed resource and work, it is significant for this organizations to keep up their working expense proficiently. High work cost or working costs can prompt a humongous misfortune to any firm and its investors. Budgetary Ratio: Any speculators or potential financial specialists by and large dissect the monetary proportions of an organization before making a venture on it as they appropriately show the present situation of the organization. Simultaneously, these budgetary proportions are significant from manager’s perspective additionally to survey their presentation. While leasers likewise take a gander at those proportions before giving any advance to the organization. Exactly everyone investigate the proportions before including with any association. Proportions like ROE, EPS, and Dividend Payout are the most significant from investor’s perspective as they are explicitly show re turn create by an organization utilizing contributed capital. While influence proportions, effectiveness proportion, working or net benefit contingent upon business (in retail industry working) are of more enthusiasm to chiefs. While lenders for example banks are progressively intrigued to see the productivity and money transformation proportions of a specific firm. In like manner the beneath clarified proportions are significant for retail industry. Working Profit Margin: This shows the working benefit as a level of deals. OPM implies firm’s ability of creating benefit from its working exercises. By and large, higher working benefit makes some colossal speculation open doors for the two financial specialists and moneylenders. Complete Asset Turnover: The proportion is a fitting marker of the way that how proficiently and adequately organization is using their advantages for produce income. This proportion is significant for a retail organization as they posse’s loads of fixed resources. The higher resource turnover means higher resource use. This proportion is a decent pointer of the executives proficiency. Higher resource turnover infers effective supervisory group. Current Ratio: This proportion is significant from retail industry perspective as it shows the liquidity position of the c

Cancer

Cancer Of all the student groups I am involved with at MIT, the one that brings me the most happiness is Camp Kesem MIT. Those of you who have stuck with me throughout my blogging career have heard about CK before. Those of you who haven’t â€" well, I’m about to tell you about it :) Camp Kesem MIT is a one-week, free summer camp that takes place towards the end of August and is geared towards kids whose parents have been affected by cancer. Each summer, a combination of kids and counselors (all of whom are MIT students) come together for a week of pure camp fun â€" filled with sports, nature activities, arts and crafts, ropes courses, drama rotations, swimming, hiking, and more. Planning for each camp session is done entirely by a coordinator board made up of ~15 MIT students; this board starts preparing for the following Camp session as soon as the present session is done. I was a counselor for Camp Kesem MIT during my freshman and sophomore summers at MIT, and I’ve been a part of the coordinator board for a year and a half now. I LOVE CAMP. Throughout the year, we hold a number of events and fundraisers on campus to raise the $65,000 we need to make Camp Kesem happen each summer. One such event took place this past weekend: The Camp Kesem-SAE Date Auction. SAE (Sigma Alpha Epsilon) is one of MIT’s fraternities and has been our partner for the Date Auction event for three years now. During the event, a number of MIT students are “auctioned” off, with gift cards to local restaurants and businesses. Typically, a “date” is bought by his or her friends, who pool together and “buy” their friend for an impressive sum. (I hope I’m doing a decent and not-sketchy job of describing this; please feel free to question me about any details that seem awkward â€" it’s an awesome event, I promise!) The businesses that donated prizes to this year’s date auction were California Pizza Kitchen, F1 Racing, Vapiano’s, Melting Pot, among other places. We raised over $6600 in just two hours through this Date Auction event!! CK Counselors at SAE-CK Date Auction 2012 Every time I do something CK-related, I’m reminded of how lucky I am to have a happy, healthy family that hasn’t been affected by cancer. The kids I meet at Camp are so strong and resilient â€" each year I go to Camp, I’m blown away by their maturity and their stories. They’re the best kids ever 3 To add a personal touch to this blog entry, I want to introduce Jenn Lai ‘11â€" an MIT alum and a Rhodes Scholar. This is her story with cancer ~*~ I’ve always been fascinated by personal stories. Everyone has pivotal experiences, those experiences that become skyscrapers in their life landscape, forever altering their perception of things around them. It’s just so happened that my skyscrapers were built by something called cancer. When I was seven years old, my mother passed away from cancer. At the time, I had no idea what cancer was; I hardly even understood what was going on around me. All I knew was that there was a thing called cancer and that it was bad. It wasn’t until some of my high school biology classes that I started to learn about the biological underpinnings of cancer. The topic fascinated me; it was sort of a guilty pleasure to learn about cancer. It gave me a glimpse into what occurred in my mother’s body, bringing me one step closer to understanding what had happened so many years ago. Cancer, I learned, is generally a disease of the old. As our bodies age, cells accumulate mutations in their growth mechanisms driving them to eventually overtake the body. I could imagine these malignant cells growing without bound in my mother’s body. Yet something didn’t make sense. My mom wasn’t old. She was forty. There comes a time when we start to realize that some traits are hereditary: height, eye color, hair color, premature death by cancer. I didn’t know exactly what kind of cancer my mother had I had never asked but I had a hunch that whatever it was, I was likely to have it too. I delved into studying cancer, perhaps because I was simply hooked, perhaps because I was trying to understand my mother’s death, perhaps because I was trying to save myself. It was around the time that I was applying to MD/PhD programs at the end of my MIT career that I started to do a little more digging. In trying to distill my reasons for wanting to become a physician scientist, it only made sense to investigate my own medical history. My mother had both breast and stomach cancer, I found out. She was diagnosed with ductal breast cancer in January 1997. The prognosis after surgery and radiation was good. Several months later, after undergoing surgical exploration for a case of ascites, build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, the surgeons found invasive gastric cancer. She passed  away in September 1997. My maternal grandfather also passed away from some form of gastric cancer, as did a maternal aunt. Curious, I typed into my Google search bar: hereditary gastric cancer. Among the first results that came up were some articles about hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). I clicked on one, then another, then another. HDGC, I found out, is a relatively rare form of hereditary gastric cancer that is passed in an autosomal dominant fashionif one parent is affected, each offspring has a fifty percent chance of also being affected. About fifty percent of HDGC cases can be linked to a gene mutation in CDH1, which encodes for the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. Mutation carriers have about an 80%/70% (female/male) lifetime risk of developing the cancer by the age of 80, with median age of onset at around age 40. Diffuse gastric cancer is unfortunately very difficult to detect early by endoscopy, as the cancer grows in clusters in the lining of the stomach rather than in a distinct mass. By the time diffuse gastric cancer becomes symptomatic, it is often advanced and too late for treat ment. Given the high likelihood of developing diffuse gastric cancer, it is now recommended that CDH1 mutation carriers undergo preventative removal of the entire stomach, a drastic but necessary measure. After reading as much as I could about HDGC and CDH1, I looked into the criteria for getting a genetic test done and knew that I had to get tested. I had my blood drawn and sent to City of Hope in August 2010, and by December 2010 I knew that I am a CDH1 mutation carrier. The implications of a positive test result are vast: coming to terms with destiny, deciding to get surgery and when, figuring out how it will affect my life and the plans I’d set out for myself. It came at a time when I knew I’d be moving to Oxford, then later dedicating at least eight years of my life to MD/PhD training with more years of medical training after. It’s been a long journey, which I could probably write an entire series of books on, and it’s not over yet. The main storyline is this: I have now decided to take time off from school to concentrate on my health. I will be having my surgery done in a couple of weeks at home in Honolulu, Hawaii, then will return to school in the fall. The immediate response I get from most people is usually something along the lines of, “What!? You can live without a stomach?!” The short answer is yes the stomach is actually surprisingly overrated. It’ll be an adjustment, and it’ll take time, but the fact is that it is both possible and necessary. I’ve had plenty of time to think about if I am really making the right decision. Removing an organ is a big step. It is true that I wish I didn’t have to do it, but the reality is hard to ignore. After my mother passed away, I had a subconscious expectation that I wouldn’t live much beyond forty maybe that’s why I have always worked so hard. Now I know that without this surgery, my life expectancy would be forty. As tumultuous as this entire experience has been, it is liberating to know that I will now have a pretty normal life expectancy. There is so much to do with that time it really is a gift. If I didn’t have a good reason to go into medicine and research before, I do now. The fact that preventative surgery is the only safe option for me sometimes makes me frustrated. It has also shown me that there are very real medical problems that still need to be solved, and this is only one of them. I can’t wait until I can move on to the next chapter of my life and start addressing these problems academically. In the meantime, I am focusing on enjoying every bite of every meal and the sunny Hawaiian days. ~*~ Jenn is the author of the blog gastronomically speaking, and she welcomes you to follow the rest of her journey. To find out more about gastric cancer and spread gastric cancer awareness, please visit No Stomach for Cancer.

Writing Your College Essays

Writing Your College Essays August 23, 2012 Put away your iphone. No more text messages. No more phone calls. Its high time to stop procrastinating. Its time to start writing your college essays if you havent done so already (photo credit: Zach Vega). School is about to start if it hasnt already in your neck of the woods! If you are a rising high school senior and you havent started writing your college essays, what on earth have you been waiting for? Are you waiting for schoolwork to pile up? Are you waiting to write you college essays in between studying for an AP Calculus exam and writing an AP Government paper? You must be kidding. We told you to start your college essays at the beginning of the summer. After all, during the summer months, youve got a much more relaxed schedule no matter what youre doing. Youre not required to be in school for several hours every day. You dont have nightly homework assignments. Youre not studying for important exams and writing important papers. We dont know why you chose to wait until the last minute but, if you have, the time is now to stop procrastinating! Were approaching the beginning of the school year. Your coursework hasnt starting piling up just yet. So sit down at your computer, close the door, dont answer your phone, ignore your text messages, and write your college essays! Do you really want to waste more time? Do you really want to have to cram in your essays when you have little time to truly devote to them? Do you really want to submit subpar essays to the highly selective colleges that you hope to get into? We dont think so! Its high time to prioritize. Tell your friends that you cant see them for a while. Tell your girlfriend or boyfriend that movie will have to wait. Turn off your iphone! Seriously. Turn it off. No, not later. Now! Its just facilitating your procrastination. Get going. Ready go. Theyre only likely the single most important essays youll ever write in your whole life! Were not kidding.

Why Should Recommend Relocating Our Time Honored...

We, the Board of Directors of ABC, Inc., have been faced with the very troubling and difficult decision of whether to recommend relocating our time-honored corporation to China. To decide on what we believe to be the most respectable and ethical choice, we are going to focus on three main aspects of this situation: our long presence in Reading, the environmental impact, and the pros and cons of relocating to China. To start, ABC Steel, Inc. has been located and producing in Reading, Pennsylvania for 120 years. This is a long and enduring relationship that we have built with this city, but packing up our operations here would completely crush this relationship. For example, ABC Steel, Inc. has many employees that are the children of multiple generations of hard workers. We would lose all of these loyal employees. We are also the largest employer in Reading currently and with the city already being one of the poorest in the country, our relocation could eventually cause the collapse of Reading. If we were to move to China to do business, the already high poverty rate of 41.3 percent in Reading would without a doubt raise substantially. Lastly, we had to address what our relocation would do to our customers. Many of our customers do continued business with us because of our long tradition in Reading. If we are to move to China, we have to realize that this could damage this relationship. If they s ee that after 120 years of loyal service that we move our operations to China, weShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesauthorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com. Limit of LiabilityDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authorRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManaging Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard

Sample How to Write a Discussion Essay - 997 Words

Abstract This essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of disciplining children. Firstly, it will consider the disadvantages of disciplining children in terms of injuries, children taking revenge and broken relationships. Equally, it will consider the advantages of disciplining children in terms of having more respectful children, appreciation and learning life lessons. Finally, the essay will conclude that disciplining children will eventually lead to a better society in the future. Children can be quite a handful to deal with at times. Disciplining children, no matter what methods are used, will always come to mind. The concerning subject are the advantages and the disadvantages that may concern people who are in authority†¦show more content†¦Next, disciplining children will teach them about appreciation. Children may learn to value what is given to them. For example, it can be assumed that consequences will arise when parents’ instructions are not followed. Consequences work when the child is trying to get the parent s attention by misbehaving and when children fight, dawdle, and fail to do their chores. Consequences can be used to get children to school on time, to meals on time, and to take responsibility for homework. The child learns that if he doesn t pick up his toys, he can t go out and play; if he doesn t wash his hands before meals, he won t be served any food; and if he fights with his brother while in the car, the car will be stopped until calm resumes. (Telep 2009, N.P.) Thus, children appreciating valuable things and understanding the consequences of misbehaviour is an advantage when disciplining children. Finally, life lessons can be learned through discipline. These life lessons can possibly determine the child’s future. For example, disciplining a child to complete school work before engaging in leisure activities will teach the child the importance of education. Another example is disciplining a child for being very careless, to prevent serious future injuries. Therefore, an advantage of disciplining children is that children may learn very important life lessons through discipline. The issues of disciplining children both have advantages and disadvantages. ThoughShow MoreRelatedAshford MAT 222 WEEK 1 TO 5 Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesup the two ratios and write your equation choosing an appropriate variable for the bear population. 2. Complete problem 10 on page 444 of Elementary and Intermediate Algebra. Show all steps in solving the problem and explain what you are doing as you go along. 3. 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Definition And Value Assumptions Of Social Work Essay

Critical Analysis Paper 1 To practice social work, it is essential to understand the goals and values of the field. Although social work seems easy to define, it is a very widespread profession that is built on strong value assumptions. The application of theories in social work is a large part of understanding and carrying out the practice. Systems theory is a widely known theory used in social work, but it brings debate upon whether it should be used as the main theory in social work practice or not. #1A: Definition and Value Assumptions of Social Work In short, social work is a profession geared towards helping others. Social work can be separated into a micro and macro level approach, as the profession holds an awareness of the connection between individuals and the environments they are a part of. Whether it is an individual, group, community, or all of society in need, a social worker strives to improve the general well-being of each, and promote the worth of every individual. Because a social worker’s job is to advocate and protect the rights of individuals and groups, they most often are working with the oppressed, disadvantaged, discriminated against, or those left-behind. This definition of social work holds some different value assumptions. To start, human worth is a value held in high importance. If humans were not valued, then the service of social workers would not be helpful or needed. Another value assumption is that everyone deserves an equalShow MoreRelatedSummary of Value/Evaluation by Barbara Hernstein Smith Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Value/Evaluation In her essay Value/Evaluation, Barbara Herrnstein Smith reflects upon the shifting nature of the evaluation process, and what exactly the meaning of value is. She begins by pointing out that the dispute on the value of something occurs whenever any social activity becomes the focal point of a discussion. However, Smith points out, the perspective on value and evaluation has changed dramatically, and is still a topic of debate. These new perspectives indicateRead MoreThe Oecd ( 2011, 103 ) Defines Social Capital As Being Network Together With Shared Norms, Values845 Words   |  4 PagesThe OECD (2011: 103) defines social capital as being â€Å"networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups†. In realising this definition the OECD is promoting an ideal societal structure where family and friends are considered as offering value to the lives of others. Here, the term is concerned with the acquisition and perp etuation of a series of values and ethics that promote societal cultural norms. This approach is not dissimilarRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Concept analysis helps to clarify vague or ambiguous concepts. It is a process to examine the structure and function of a concept (Walker Avant, 2011). There are numerous definitions and meanings of organizational culture in the literature. The purpose of this concept analysis paper is to develop a conceptual definition of Organizational Culture within a hospital setting. Historical Perspective of the Concept and Current Uses A thorough integrated literature review was conducted utilizing theRead MoreSummary of Chua 1986635 Words   |  3 Pagesunderlying assumptions are elucidated – interpretive and the critical. Discuss consequences of conducting research within these philosophical traditions through a comparison between accounting research that is conducted on the same problem but from two different perspectives. Deal briefly with the difficulties associated with these alternative perspectives Author’s purpose To change the emphasis of mainstream accounting research from hypothetico-deductivism and technical control assumptions to alternativeRead MoreThe Theory And Social Exchange Theory1685 Words   |  7 Pagestheory. The two theories I best understood are symbolic interaction theory and social exchange theory. Social exchange theory will be the theory that I will critique. The symbolic interaction theory states that individual’s act based on symbolic meaning they give to specific situations. In order to grasp an appropriate understand of the symbolic interaction theory one must understand the basic concepts and assumptions related to this theory. There are five important concepts to understand in orderRead MoreKant s View On Animal And The Treatment Of Them1306 Words   |  6 Pagesapplicable to humans through his definition of â€Å"humanity†. Second, I investigate how Kant believes we should treat animals and his justification for theorizing it. I reason Kant’s assumption that animals are not rational or unable to be self-conscious. Third, I look at Kant’s underlining assumptions of animals and the natural world around him. I allege Kant’s assumptions on animals may lead to environmental degradation. Through this paper I aim to disprove Kant’s assumptions about animals and how his viewsRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Culture in Counselling1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept of Culture in Counselling Culture may be defined in a broad and narrow context. The broad definition includes demographic variables ( age, gender), status variables ( social, educational, economic) and affiliations ( formal and informal), as well as ethnographic variables, such as ethnicity, nationality, language. Narrow definition of culture is limited to the terms of ethnicity and nationality, which are important for individual and familial identity, but the concept of cultureRead MoreDiversity, Assumption And Ethnocentrism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the world and in specific Canada. I intend to focus on what diversity, assumption and ethnocentrism are and how in the nursing profession, it is important to be aware of these and the ways in which they all can hinder our nursing care. I will also focus on how we may need to find ways to accommodate diversities while providing care for clients, ways that assumption may hinder our nursing care or how some ethnocentric values may negatively influence ou r nursing care. Diversity According to OregonRead MoreMisunderstanding Relationships in Boogie Nights Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfilm also serves to echo the same flaws found in Plato’s ideal forms. Boogie Nights attempts to demonstrate the false nature of a definite, meaningful love by disrupting its categorization and presenting the absurdity of its definition. Jack’s movie cannot exist by definition, and as a product of natural language neither can the common conception of love. The primary relationship in Boogie Nights is that between Eddie, Jack, and Amber. Though he lacks a positive family background, Eddie Adams canRead MoreComponents Within Organization Culture And The Management Of The Culture1121 Words   |  5 Pagesreplicate. In corporation culture, there are also key elements such as beliefs, values and norms. This essay talks about evaluating thoroughly about components within organization culture and the management of the culture in hospitality perspective. Definition of Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs, which governs how people behave in organizations. These shared values have a strong influence on the people in the organization and dictate how

Patient Care, Quality Improvement, And Teamwork - 1399 Words

With rapidly advancing technology and the aging population, health care improvement remains at the center of providing proper patient care. However, it is imperative to ensure improvement is quality improvement, thus advancing patient care while still protecting patient safety. Quality and Safety Education in Nursing provides goals and guidelines for providing the best care. Prioritizing patient-centered care, quality improvement, and teamwork provides methods to increase patient safety, while excellent patient care can be maximized when striving to achieve cares that are safe, timely, efficient, effective, equitable, and patient-centered. Question 1: How do patient-centered care, quality improvement, and teamwork/collaboration relate to patient safety? Patient-Centered Care Patient-Centered Care proves to be one facet of increasing patient safety. With patient-centered care, patients and their families need to be the primary managers of care; they lead the way and make decisions (Whorley, 2010). Health care employees are responsible for providing the options and following through on the cares the patient chooses. Patient engagement improves patient safety because patients tend to be more invested in their care and can even help observe for adverse or unwelcome reactions. Patients’ willingness to adhere to their regimen increases if they provide input about their treatment modalities. One method for health care employees to include patientsShow MoreRelatedMidterm Patient Quality And Safety Paper1603 Words   |  7 PagesMidterm Patient Quality and Safety Paper Over time the health care industry has become more complex. Health care is rapidly evolving and continuing to complicate our delivery of care, which in turn has the same effect on quality of care. 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Nurses are with the patients more than the doctors. People do not realize how little they will encounter the doctor in the hospital until they are actually in the hospital. People quickly realize how important nurses are. Because nurses interact with their patients constantly, nurses are the ones who know the patients best. In the article â€Å"What Do Nurses Really Do?†, Suzanne Gordon explores what nurses truly do. SheRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder ( Copd )935 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican population) living with COPD. QSEN, which stands for Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, has developed six competencies related to nursing care. These competencies are Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork and Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, Safety, and Informatics. These aforementioned QSEN competencies break down how nurses should be treating patients and working with the health care team. 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There are two definitions expressed by the Nation al Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) that I believe adequately express my view on health care quality. One definition is from the Institute of Medicine that states health care quality is â€Å"safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficientRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfor educated nurses. Nurses is the first provider of health care, which delivers a high quality of care, safe environment, person-centred and focuses on the care of individuals, families and communities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. 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Computer Virus Free Essays

Assignment on Public Speaking Assignment topic : Informative speech on â€Å"Computer Viruses† Submitted to : Kanita Ridwana Lecturer Department of English Stamford University Bangladesh. Submitted by : Mir Alim – uz – zaman ID. LLB 04206977 Department of Laws Stamford University Bangladesh Submission date Teacher’s Comment amp; Signature COMPUTER VIRUS Good afternoon everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Virus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hoping all of you are well. This is the time to present my informative speech.For making a Digital Bangladesh, every citizen has to expert user of computer and our authority has to computerize all sections of this country. But the major threat for using a computer is â€Å"virus†. That’s why I have prepared my speech to inform my audience about it. Today I have prepared Four special points for illustrate a virus. a) What is a Virus? b) What Viruses don’t do? c) How does Virus spread? and, d) How to prevent a Virus Invasion? a) What is a Virus: Computer viruses are programs written by â€Å"mean† people.These virus programs are placed into a commonly used program so that program will run the attached virus program as it boots, therefore, it is said that the virus â€Å"infects† the executable file or program. Executable files include Macintosh â€Å"system files† [such as system extensions, INITs and control panels] and application programs [such as word processing programs and spreadsheet programs. ] Viruses work the same ways in Windows or DOS machines by infecting zip or exe files. A virus is inactive until you execute an infected program or application OR start your computer from a disk that has infected system files.Once a virus is active, it loads into your computer’s memory and may save itself to your hard drive or copies itself to applications or system files on disks you use. Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer by corrupting programs, deleting files, or even erasing your entire hard drive. Many viruses do nothing more than display a message or make sounds / verbal comments at a certain time or a programming event after replicating themselves to be picked up by other users one way or another. Other viruses make your computer’s system behave erratically or crash frequently.Sadly many people who have problems or frequent crashes using their computers do not realize that they have a virus and live with the inconveniences. Though Viruses are really a threat for all computer users, it cannot be harmful in some points. b) What Viruses don’t do: Computer viruses cannot infect write protected disks or infect written documents. Viruses do not infect compressed files, unless the file was infected prior to the compression. [Compressed files are programs or files with its common characters, etc. removed to take up less space on a disk. Viruses do not infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips; they only infect software. In addition, Macintosh viruses do not infect DOS / Window computer software and vice versa. For example, the Melissa virus incident of late 1998 and the ILOVEYOU virus of 2000 worked only on Window based machines and could not operate on Macintosh computers. One further note-gt; viruses do not necessarily let you know they are present in your machine, even after being destructive. If your computer is not operating properly, it is a good practice to check for viruses with a current â€Å"virus checking† program.Lacking of proper knowledge makes the virus more powerful and it helps to spread it in each file of a computer. c) How does Virus spread: Viruses begin to work and spread when you start up the program or application of which the virus is present. For example, a word processing program that contains a virus will place the virus in memory every time the word processing program is run. Once in memory, one of a number of things can happen. The virus may be programmed to attach to other applications, disks or folders. It may infect a network if given the opportunity.Viruses behave in different ways. Some viruses stay active only when the application it is part of is running. Turn the computer off and the virus is inactive. Other viruses will operate every time you turn on your computer after infecting a system file or network. We need to have proper knowledge, and stay safe from a virus. d) How to prevent a Virus invasion: Some tips to prevent virus invasion are given below: I. Load only software from original disks or CD’s. Pirated or copied software is always a risk for a virus. II. Execute only programs of which you are familiar as to their origin.Programs sent by email should always be suspicious. III. Computer uploads and â€Å"system configuration† changes should always be performed by the person who is responsible for the computer. Password protection should be employed. IV. Check all shareware and free programs downloaded from on-line services with a virus checking program. V. Purchase a virus program that runs as you boot or work your computer. Up-date it frequently. Finally I hope everyone should be careful about viruses and enjoy a virus free computing. Thank you everyone. *Created by Alim Z Mir (optimist. alim@yahoo. com) How to cite Computer Virus, Papers

The Car free essay sample

The disability may be physical or mental. How does this contribute to their role in the novel? The impairment may be symbolic also. Essay (worth 20 points): After reading the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, discuss the various impairments that plague the characters in the play. How do these impairments influence the roles of the characters in the novel? This should be in paragraph one. The remaining paragraphs should focus on the characters in the play (one per paragraph), and how their impairment influences their role in the novel. What are the circumstances/challenges each person faces, how this impacts the plot, etc. Lastly, in the conclusion, discuss what you liked about the play, and what you did not like. Final Response to Literary Text draft should include evidence of the following: Focus: characterization: how has the writer’s development of characters helped to make clear the significance of the theme? Language: imagery, research inclusion, and word choice: how the writer’s use of these elements achieves effects in the composition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Car or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Structure: how the writer creates an effective lead, thesis sentence, and reflection within the essay. Format: paragraph one – introduction/discussion of the impairment/disability, etc. ; paragraph two first character you select; paragraph three second character; paragraph four – final character(s); paragraph five what you liked and found disturbing. Final Note to Students: ALL essays will be checked for internet plagiarism. ANY evidence of material taken from a website or book that is NOT cited will result in an automatic failure. The essay should be YOUR OWN work, not the work of someone else.

Role Of The Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay Example For Students

Role Of The Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay In order to place the function of the measure surveyor in the current industry in the UK, we will reexamine the measure surveyor s engagement and responsibilities during each of the different phases of the building rhythm. We will besides reexamine how and when a client appoints a measure surveyor, in order to understand his early engagement in the procedure. To reason, we will explicate how the measure surveyor claims his/her fees and how the client pays for the QS services. But foremost, allow s look to history in order to better understand where the profession of measure surveyor originates from and when it foremost appeared in the UK. Outline1 3.0 History2 4.0 THE ROLE OF A QUANTITY SURVEYOR IN THE PRESENT3 5.0 WHEN TO APPOINT A QUANTITY SURVEYOR4 6.0 HOW TO SELECT AND APPOINT A QUANTITY SURVEYOR5 7.0 Servicess OFFERED BY A QUANTITY SURVEYOR6 Measure appraising in building stages7 Origin and feasibleness8 Design phase9 Tender paperss10 Tender choice and assessment11 Construction12 Post contract13 8.0 Payment14 9.0 Decision15 Bibliography 3.0 History We can follow the roots of the measure surveyor profession back to the rebuilding of London following the ill-famed Great Fire in 1666. Prior to this, edifices for the most portion were built on a design physique agreement whereby the client would rede the builder on what was wanted and the maestro builder would work out the program, contract all the specialist shopkeepers and frontward measures to the client at regular intervals. The job with this agreement was that the client would non cognize how much the edifice was traveling to be before building work had finished or was close to completion and if the client wanted several estimations or citations so each builder would necessitate to make the computations therefore adding to attempt and cost. Due to the sheer graduated table of Reconstruction after the Great Fire, a more efficient manner of ciphering edifice costs and supplying estimations was needed and this is where the measure surveyor comes in. Originally, the function of the measure surveyor was to develop a measure of measures based on the designer s drawings and specifications so that any house desiring to tender for a undertaking could cipher it on the same footing therefore cut downing duplicate of attempt. The service that the QS provided was originally paid for by the contractors tendering for the work but the function shortly became one of the client s duties as it ensures that all tenderers were provided with indistinguishable stamp paperss. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the big bulk of major constructing work was procured by the authorities or by private persons where cost was non the chief standard. However, following issues in the railroad building industry with traveling over budget and the non-payment of contractors, another alteration to the profession was to come. What is now the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors ( RICS ) was founded in 1868 and it developed agencies of commanding building costs by accurately mensurating the work required and using specialist cognition of costs/prices of work, labor, stuffs and works. Quantity surveyors would subsequently utilize this cognition to measure the deductions of design determinations at an early phase therefore guaranting complete value for money. As we can see, the function of the measure surveyor has adapted throughout its being to accommodate current economic clime and to happen better ways of run intoing the demands of the building industry. This continues today. 4.0 THE ROLE OF A QUANTITY SURVEYOR IN THE PRESENT Measure surveyors are basically the comptrollers of the edifice profession. They are in charge of planning and managing costs for building undertakings from the start of a undertaking to its completion. Quantity surveyors, otherwise known as QSs, either work for private patterns moving on behalf of clients or for a catching house which carries out building work. Those working for the latter, frequently known as a contractor s measure surveyor, be given to be responsible for legal and commercial affairs within the administration. Interestingly, the British measure surveyor has developed otherwise to its European opposite numbers in that pre and station contract functions are by and large split. Therefore, the measure appraising profession as we know it is a really British establishment because of its history. Thankss to their adaptability and their premise of several different functions and duties, the modern measure surveyor has many names. For illustration, private patterns refer to themselves as cost advisers and project directors because of the type of work they now deal with. Besides, the contractor s measure surveyor is now frequently termed commercial directors . Police Brutality EssayAdvise on guarantees. Advise on bonds for public presentation and other affairs. Prepare stamp and contract paperss with the client and members of the design squad. Provide transcripts of certification as agreed Advise on usage and/or amendments of the standard signifier of contract or assist the client s legal advisor with the drafting of peculiar demands. Organise the signifier of contact, obtain contract drawings from members of the design squad and prepare and direct contract transcripts of all certification to both parties. Tender choice and assessment At this phase of the stamp actions phase the QS must: Advise on short naming prospective tenderers. Look into tenderers and rede the client on their fiscal standing and experience. Attend pre-contract interviews with tenderers. Arrange for the bringing of paperss to the selected tenderers. Check stamp entries for truth and pricing. Advise on mistakes and makings and, if necessary, negociate on offers. Advise on entry of work programme and method statement. Prepare suited certification, if necessary, to set the stamp received to an acceptable contract amount. Review fiscal budget in visible radiation of stamps received and fix revised hard currency flow. Prepare stamp studies with recommendations where appropriate. Construction During the building phase the measure surveyor will: Prepare recommendations for probationary payments to contractors, subcontractors and providers in conformity with the contract demands. Post contract During the concluding phase of the building rhythm the QS will: Assess interior decorator s bill of exchange for changing the undertaking before issue. Prepare periodic cost studies in the in agreement format at specified intervals saying any cost distribution and/or transcripts as requested by 3rd parties. Fix the concluding history. Attend meetings as agreed. Provide transcripts of certification as agreed. 8.0 Payment The client shall pay the QS for the proviso of the services required. All fees and charges are collectible in episodes harmonizing to the fee offer clause and, under the understanding, are sole of VAT which, if due, is to at the same clip. The due day of the month for payment shall be 7 yearss following the day of the month of invoice entry. The measure surveyor must corroborate the footing on which the declared sum is calculated on each bill. The concluding day of the month for payment is 21 yearss after the due day of the month for payment. This is the absolute concluding day of the month for payment and payment can non be made after this clip. Any amount owed to the measure surveyor under the understanding which remains unpaid by after the concluding day of the month is capable to involvement at the rate fixed in the fee offer clause. 9.0 Decision A measure surveyor needs to use a broad scope of accomplishments in order to stand out in the profession. Measure surveyors need to negociate with all types of people, from constructing site workers to managers, which means that they need to possess good people accomplishments and be able to show themselves good both when speech production and in authorship. Knowledge in a wealth of countries such as edifice jurisprudence and ordinances, wellness and safety, revenue enhancement and insurance, contract jurisprudence and the building procedure are indispensable to the profession as the measure surveyor needs to understand any legal deductions involved in the building procedure. Excellent numerical and computing machine accomplishments are indispensable every bit good as the ability to read architectural drawings. A measure surveyor needs to be flexible in footings of working hours and holding to travel on site to decide a job or take measurings. When there s a deadline to run into, it is the measure surveyor s duty to guarantee that it is met and so weekend/evening work is on the cards. As we can see, the measure surveyor has to hold a broad scope of accomplishments, abilities and cognition in order to stand out in the profession. The QS is so much more than an comptroller for the edifice trade and with greater chances abroad and the growing of the commercial direction side, the function of the QS is bound to go on to accommodate and turn to run into the demands of the current clime and its demands. Bibliography Client usher to the Appointing a Quantity Surveyor, first edition ( February 1992 ; RICS books Cost Planning of Buildings, Eighth Edition ; Ferry and Brandon Lecture notes 2010 ; Discipline Project 2 RIBA Outline Plan of Work 2007 amended Nov 2008

Free Sample Essay on My Boyfriend Influenced My Life

Free Sample Essay on My Boyfriend Influenced My LifeOnline research has revealed that there are some benefits for students to use free sample essays on My boyfriend, influenced my life. These days, everyone is busy and trying to earn money. Students want to make their study time more productive.It is important to know that most essay samples on the internet are meant for the customers or readers' learning enjoyment. Therefore, it is not easy to determine which one is right for you. However, it is very important to realize that you have many options when it comes to using the information. The best choice will be to choose a free sample essay on My boyfriend, which is available in several websites.So, what do you need to get a copy of this kind of writing to make your life easier? If you have decided to avail a sample essay on My boyfriend, then you have to consider two things. First, the content should be relevant and useful. And second, it should be easy to read and understand. Below are some guidelines that may help you find the right essay.First, there are some materials that can be copied and used by many. The information will be of great use to many people. However, one must know that you must be careful that the information used must be used only for the educational purposes. Otherwise, it is plagiarism.Second, one should check the copyright information before getting the one. It is the right of the customer to request for a free sample essay on My boyfriend, which includes a copyright statement. It must be noted that when copying any content from any other sites, the terms and conditions may differ. Therefore, one should be careful to consider whether the terms and conditions are proper or not.Third, you should verify whether the company is offering any discounts. Most companies would offer discounts on the students to encourage more people to enroll in their programs. Sometimes, the company does not provide the sample writing on My boyfriend, but there a re still some students who can use these samples. However, the quality of the samples must be high. So, check the authenticity of the sample and use it only for the educational purposes.If the free sample essay on My boyfriend, influenced my life, you can avail for its payment or for its subscription. One may also get the copy of this type of writing in books, journals and newsletters. So, it is worth checking whether the writers are reputed and have good content. A lot of students and teachers have benefited from this type of writing as it can be easily downloaded for free.Some people still prefer to purchase the essays to save time and money. In such situations, it is important to note that the customer can download the content from the website or may obtain it from another source. After making a purchase, one will need to submit the payment through credit card or bank account. The most important thing is that the customer must know the deadline to give the payment.

The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Research Paper Example

The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Paper The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Psychology and Christianity have been at odds for as long as they as they have coexisted. This book tries to explain how the two can be integrated and be able to work together. The authors, John D. Carter and Bruce Narrmore, go through several ways of combining these two ideas that seem so far apart, but are actually, in theory, connected. The first chapter is about the possibilities of integrating psychology and theology, and some of the misconceptions that some Christians have toward psychology. Psychology has become such a big force in the past decades that there is no way that Christians can just ignore it. The two choices that they are, is to either integrate the basic principles of psychology with our theology, or completely throw it away. Christians cannot do the latter because psychology is a science that explains how we as humans take things and how they affect us. Christians sometimes tend to go with the choice of completely throwing it out, but what they don?t realize is that the basic principles of psychology and the basic principles of the Bible do not disagree. It is the theories of these We will write a custom essay sample on The Integration Of Psychology And Theology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Integration Of Psychology And Theology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Integration Of Psychology And Theology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer psychology, model, pg, think, two, way, version, secular, basic, against, christianity, because, principles, christians, christian, ways, truth, out, integrate, go, different, between, authors, about, understand, theology, several, role, need, integration, first, book, believe, assumption

Biography of George Washington, First U.S. President

Biography of George Washington, First U.S. President George Washington (February 22, 1732–December 14, 1799) was Americas first president. He served as commander-in-chief of the Colonial Army during the American Revolution, leading the Patriot forces to victory over the British. In 1787 he presided at the  Constitutional Convention, which determined the structure of the new government of the United States, and in 1789 he was elected its president. Fast Facts: George Washington Known For: Revolutionary War hero and Americas first presidentAlso Known As: The Father of His CountryBorn: February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, VirginiaParents: Augustine Washington, Mary BallDied: December 14, 1799 in Mount Vernon, VirginiaSpouse: Martha Dandridge CustisNotable Quote: To be prepared for war is one of the most effective means of preserving peace. Early Life George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia to Augustine Washington and Mary Ball. The couple had six children- George was the oldest- to go with three from Augustines first marriage. During Georges youth his father, a prosperous planter  who owned more than 10,000 acres of land, moved the family among three properties he owned in Virginia. He died when George was 11. His half-brother Lawrence stepped in as a father figure for George and the other children. Mary Washington was a protective and demanding mother, keeping George from joining the British Navy as Lawrence had wanted. Lawrence owned the Little Hunting Creek plantation- later renamed Mount Vernon- and George lived with him from the age of 16. He was schooled entirely in Colonial Virginia, mostly at home, and didnt go to college. He was good at math, which suited his chosen profession of surveying, and he also studied geography, Latin, and English classics. He learned what he really needed from backwoodsmen and the plantation foreman. In 1748 when he was 16, Washington traveled with a surveying party plotting land in Virginia’s western territory. The following year, aided by Lord Fairfax- a relative of Lawrences wife- Washington was appointed official surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia. Lawrence died of tuberculosis in 1752, leaving Washington with Mount Vernon, one of Virginias most prominent estates, among other family properties. Early Career The same year his half-brother died, Washington joined the Virginia militia. He showed signs of being a natural leader, and Virginia Lt. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie appointed Washington adjutant and made him a major. On Oct. 31, 1753, Dinwiddie sent Washington to Fort LeBoeuf, later the site of Waterford, Pennsylvania, to warn the French to leave land claimed by Britain. When the French refused, Washington had to retreat hastily. Dinwiddie sent him back with troops and Washingtons small force attacked a French post, killing 10 and taking the rest prisoner. The battle marked the start of the French and Indian War, part of the worldwide conflict known as the Seven Years War between Britain and France. Washington was given the honorary rank of colonel and fought a number of other battles, winning some and losing others, until he was made commander of all Virginia troops. He was only 23. Later, he was sent home briefly with dysentery and finally, after being turned down for a commission with the British Army, he retired from his Virginia command and returned to Mount Vernon. He was frustrated by poor support from the Colonial legislature, poorly trained recruits, and slow decision-making by his superiors. On  January 6, 1759, a month after he had left the army, Washington married  Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow with two children. They had no children together. With the land he had inherited, property his wife brought with her to the marriage, and land granted him for his military service, he was one of the wealthiest landowners in Virginia. After his retirement he managed his property, often pitching in alongside the workers. He also entered politics and was elected to Virginias House of Burgesses in 1758. Revolutionary Fever Washington opposed British actions against the Colonies such as the British Proclamation Act of 1763 and the Stamp Act of 1765, but he continued to resist moves to declare independence from Britain. In 1769, Washington introduced a resolution to the House of Burgesses calling for Virginia to boycott British goods until the Acts were repealed. He began to take a leading role in Colonial resistance against the British following of the Townshend Acts in 1767. in 1774, Washington chaired a meeting that called for convening a Continental Congress, to which he became a delegate, and for using armed resistance as a last resort.  After the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the political dispute became an armed conflict. Commander-in-Chief On June 15, Washington was named commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. On paper, Washington and his army were no match for the mighty British forces. But although Washington had little experience in high-level military command, he had prestige, charisma, courage, intelligence, and some battlefield experience. He also represented Virginia, the largest British colony. He led his forces to retake Boston and win huge victories at Trenton and Princeton, but he suffered major defeats, including the loss of New York City. After the harrowing winter at Valley Forge in 1777, the French recognized American Independence, contributing a large French Army and a navy fleet. More American victories followed, leading to the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Washington formally said farewell to his troops and on December 23, 1783, he resigned his commission as commander-in-chief, returning to Mount Vernon. New Constitution After four years of living the life of a plantation owner, Washington and other leaders concluded that the Articles of Confederation that had governed the young country left too much power to the states and failed to unify the nation. In 1786, Congress approved the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to amend the Articles of Confederation. Washington was unanimously chosen as convention president. He and other leaders, such as  James Madison  and  Alexander Hamilton, concluded that instead of amendments, a new constitution was needed. Though many leading American figures, such as  Patrick Henry  and  Sam Adams, opposed the proposed constitution, calling it a power grab, the document was approved. President Washington was elected unanimously by the Electoral College in 1789 as the nations first president. ​Runner-up John Adams became vice president. In 1792 another unanimous vote by the Electoral College gave Washington a second term. In 1794, he stopped the first major challenge to federal authority, the Whiskey Rebellion, in which Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay federal tax on distilled spirits, by sending in troops to ensure compliance. Washington did not run for a third term and retired to Mount Vernon. He was again asked to be the American commander if the U.S. went to war with France over the XYZ affair, but fighting never broke out. He died on December 14, 1799, possibly from a streptococcal infection of his throat made worse when he was bled four times. Legacy Washingtons impact on American history was massive. He led the Continental Army to victory over the British. He served as the nations first president. He believed in a strong federal government, which was accomplished through the Constitutional Convention that he led. He promoted and worked on the principle of merit. He cautioned against foreign entanglements, a warning that was heeded by future presidents. He declined a third term, setting a precedent for a two-term limit that was codified in the 22nd Amendment. In foreign affairs, Washington supported neutrality, declaring in the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 that the U.S. would be impartial toward belligerent powers in a war. He reiterated his opposition to foreign entanglements in his farewell address in 1796. George Washington is considered one of the most important and influential U.S. presidents whose legacy has survived for centuries. Sources George Washington  Biography. Biography.com.George Washington: President of the United States. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Frida Kahlo - Surrealist Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frida Kahlo - Surrealist Artist - Essay Example The essay "Frida Kahlo - Surrealist Artist" states the Frida Kahlo and her art. Rather than restricting her art, though, this confinement helped encouraged her art as it was one of the few things she could do from her bed. This perhaps also led to her willingness to experiment with artistic forms, breaking out of the traditional forms as can be seen in several of her self-portraits, such as â€Å"The Two Fridas† and â€Å"The Broken Column.† Kahlo’s work displays a desperate struggle to find balance between the past and the present, the self and the social expectations, particularly in her 1939 self-portrait â€Å"The Two Fridas.† For Kahlo, this division is represented through a dual image that relates back to Kahlo’s childhood while she was recovering from polio. â€Å"During that time, she created an imaginary friend who would later be reflected in a painting called ‘The Two Fridas.’ Explaining the painting in her diary she wrote, à ¢â‚¬ËœI experienced intensely an imaginary friendship with a little girl more or less the same age as me I followed her in all her movements and while she danced, I told her my secret problems†. This relationship becomes a means of expressing the two sides of Kahlo at the time of her divorce from Diego. One Frida is dressed in European clothing, indicating that this is the actual European half of Frida gained from her father. Her symbolic torn bodice indicate the rejected side of her just as her hand holds a surgical instrument intended to help stop the flow of blood.

Jurisprudence - Liberal Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Jurisprudence - Liberal Feminism - Essay Example Just as feminism, feminist jurisprudence cannot be explained by any single theory4. It is a family of different frameworks or view-points that are used in the analysis of the desirable or real relationship between gender and law5. In her view, Christine Littleton considers feminist jurisprudence as a collection of various attempts aimed at critiquing, changing and explicating the law for the sake of, and from women’s point of view6. Christine Littleton argues that, feminist jurisprudence aims at explaining women’s experiences and at the same time transforming the law. Despite the fact that feminist jurisprudence is considered by many to be practical, theorists such as Carol Smart borrows from Carl Marx ideology and argues that feminist jurisprudence is both practical and theoretical; it is brought about through the methodology that ensures theoretical insights are reflected in political action and that practical insights are shown on theoretical development7. As far fem inist legal theories and feminist jurisprudence is concerned, there is one thing that stands out; both are aimed at the gender effects of legal practice and rules-particularly, how legal practices and rules affect women, and how law and legal practices define and reflect on gender identities. Additionally, both feminist theories and feminist jurisprudence focus on critiquing and exposure of the masculine nature of methods of law with a goal of changing both the methods and substance of law with respect to the goal of liberating women and feminist rejection of patriarchy. It must, however, be noted that-as had earlier been mentioned-feminist theorists have had different ideologies as to how legal transformation should be achieved and how it should be. Liberal feminism theorists have considered and argued that putting women into legal consideration and looking at them in the same breadth-equally-as men, may be the way to go about achieving the goal liberating women. Today, the debate is not only with regards to gender difference or sameness, feminist legal theorists have gone a step further and are more concerned with how to transform legal values, logic and the perception of justice. This notion of considering law as a neutral system of dispute resolution, regulation and justice,-a stand taken by liberal feminists-has been sharply criticized and rejected by contemporary feminist theorists, who have an issues with the concepts of objectivity, universalism, rationalism, and neutrality. They argue that defining law in the scientific sense without considering the political, moral and social reality is not the way to go; an argument also held by legal realist theorists. Those ideologies held by liberal feminists are disregarded and attacked on various grounds by other feminists. Accordingly, all of them argue that, the legal notions of objectivity and impartiality are just but perceptions that conceal the dominance and bias of the dominant groups-male. The argument is that, if sexes are considered unequal, there is neither un-gendered perspective nor reality8. In particular, the concept of objectivity has been attacked and it’s gendered nature exposed by MacKinnon, who argues that, the dominance shown by the male, is the most obstinate and universal system of power9. Similarly, the concept of impartiality has

The General Motors Company Analysis

The General Motors Company Analysis General Motors Company was formed in 2009 originally as a Delaware limited liability company, Vehicle Acquisition Holdings LLC and subsequently converted to a Delaware corporation, NGMCO, Inc. The conversion followed the acquisition on July 10, 2009 of a substantial part of all assets while assuming certain liabilities of General Motors Corporation through a 363 Sale under the Bankruptcy Code and subsequent change of name to General Motors Company (General Motors, 2012). As a result of the 363 Sale and other recent restructuring and cost savings initiatives, GM 2012 has improved its financial position and level of operational flexibility as compared to when Old GM operated the business. They commenced operations upon completion of the 363 Sale with a total amount of debt and other liabilities at July 10, 2009 that was $92.7 billion less than Old GMs total amount of debt and other liabilities at July 9, 2009. They reached a competitive labour agreement with their unions, restructured their dealer network and reduced and refocused their brand strategy in the U.S. to their four brands (General Motors, 2011). In November and December of 2010 they consummated a public offering of 550 million shares of their common stock and 100 million shares of Series B Preferred Stock and listed both of these securities on the New York Stock Exchange and the common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange (General Motors, 2012). Today, General Motors Company is a brand new company with 100 years of history. They remain one of the worlds largest automotive companies with operations in 120 countries and more than 200,000 employees around the world. In 2010, they sold 8.39 million vehicles, more than three-quarters of which were sold outside the U.S. (General Motors, 2011). Small Business Units (SBUs) within GM General Motors Company is divided into five segments, namely GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM South America (GMSA) and GM Financial (General Motors, 2012). Each of these segments can be considered as a Strategic Business Units (SBU). Automotive Business GM product range includes a global vehicle portfolio of cars, crossovers and trucks. GM is committed to leadership in vehicle design, quality, reliability, telematics and infotainment and safety, as well as to developing key energy efficiency, energy diversity and advanced propulsion technologies, including electric vehicles with range extending capabilities such as the Chevrolet Volt. Their business is diversified across products and geographic markets. They meet the local sales and service needs of their retail and fleet customers with a global network of independent dealers. Of their total 2011 vehicle sales volume, 72.3% was generated outside the U.S., including 43.4% from emerging markets, such as Brazil, Russia, India and China (collectively BRIC), which have recently experienced the industrys highest volume growth. Their automotive business is organized into four geographically-based segments (GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM Sou th America (GMSA)) (General Motors, 2012). GMNA, with sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, and sales and distribution operations in Central America and the Caribbean, represented 32.4% of their vehicle sales volume in 2011 and had the largest market share in this market at 18.4% (General Motors, 2012). GME has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations across Western and Central Europe. GMEs vehicle sales volume, which in addition to Western and Central Europe, includes Eastern Europe (including Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States among others), represented 19.2% of their vehicle sales volume in 2011. In 2011 they had the number four market share in this market at 8.8%. GMIO distributes Chevrolet brand vehicles which, when sold in Europe, are included in GME vehicle sales volume and market share data (General Motors, 2012). GMIO has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Vehicle sales volume, which includes Asia-Pacific, Africa and the Middle East, is their largest segment by vehicle sales volume representing 36.6% of global vehicle sales volume including sales through their joint ventures in 2011. In 2011, GMIO had the number two market share for this market at 9.5% and the number one market share in China overall deriving 77.1% of its vehicle sales volume from China (General Motors, 2012). GMSA, with sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela as well as sales and distribution operations in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay represented 11.8% of their vehicle sales volume in 2011. In 2011 they had the largest market share for this market at 18.8% and the number three market share in Brazil. GMSA derived 59.4% of its vehicle sales volume from Brazil (General Motors, 2012). Automotive Financing GM Financial specializes in purchasing retail automobile instalment sales contracts originated by GM and non-GM franchised and selected independent dealers in sale of used and new automobiles. GM Financial also offers lease products through GM dealerships in connection with the sale of used and new automobiles that target customers with sub-prime and prime credit bureau scores. GM Financial primarily generates revenue and cash flows through the purchase, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of finance receivables. To fund the acquisition of receivables prior to securitization, this financial arm uses available cash and borrowings under its credit facilities. GM Financial earns finance charge income on finance receivables and pays interest expense on borrowings under its credit facilities. Periodically it transfers receivables to securitization trusts that issue asset-backed securities to investors. The securitization trusts are special purpose entities (SPEs) that are a lso variable interest entities that meet the requirements to be consolidated in the financial statements (General Motors, 2012). Current Business Strategies at GM Generic Strategy GM uses differentiation focus strategy, as its competitive strategy. In Britain, you can buy a Vauxhall, a Chevrolet, a Saab, a Cadillac or a Hummer. On the Continent, you can trade in the Vauxhall for an Opel. In China, perhaps youd prefer a Buick, in Dubai a GMC. How about a Holden? Well, youll have to travel to Australia or New Zealand but they are all General Motors brands. Rather than focusing on one product, GM wants its consumers to be able to choose from a variety. Chevrolets are being marketed to entry-level car buyers, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. Opels and Vauxhalls are for middle market consumers with a progressive take on new technology, Cadillacs have proved popular with wealthy buyers in Russia and Hummers are for people who like Hummers, wherever they happen to be (Pfanner, 2008). Chapter 7 Strategy directions Their vision is to design, build and sell the worlds best vehicles. The primary elements of their strategy to achieve this vision are to: Deliver a product portfolio of the worlds best vehicles, allowing them to maximize sales under any market conditions. Sell their vehicles globally by targeting developed markets, which are projected to have increases in vehicle demand as the global economy recovers, and further strengthening their position in high growth emerging markets. Improve revenue realization and maintain a competitive cost structure to allow them to remain profitable at lower industry volumes and across the lifecycle of their product portfolio and maintain a strong balance sheet by reducing financial leverage given the high operating leverage of their business model (General Motors, 2012). Product development Product development strategy is defined as; developing new products or modifying existing products so they appear new, and offering those products to current or new markets. There is nothing simple about the process. It requires keen attention to competitors and customer needs now and in the future, the ability to finance prototypes and manufacturing processes and a creative marketing and communications plan (Nielsen, 2012). GM uses product development as its corporate strategy by maintaining a broad portfolio of vehicles so that they are positioned to meet global consumer preferences through the following ways: Concentrate their design, engineering and marketing resources on fewer brands and architectures. Increase the volume of vehicles produced from common global architectures to more than 50% of total volumes in 2015 from less than 17% today. They expect that this initiative will result in greater investment per architecture and brand and will increase product development and manufacturing flexibility, allowing maintenance of a steady schedule of important new product launches in the future. The four brand strategy in the U.S. will continue to enable GM to allocate higher marketing expenditures per brand (General Motors, 2012). Develop products across vehicle segments in GM global markets: To develop vehicles in each of the key segments of the global markets in which GM competes. For example, in September 2010 the Chevrolet Cruze was introduced into the U.S. small car segment, an important and growing segment where historically GM had been under represented (General Motors, 2012). Continued investment in a portfolio of technologies: Continue to invest in technologies that support energy diversity and energy efficiency as well as in safety, telematics and infotainment technology. Commitment to advanced propulsion technologies and intention to offer a portfolio of fuel efficient alternatives that use energy sources such as petroleum, bio-fuels, hydrogen and electricity, including the new Chevrolet Volt thus increasing fuel efficiency of GM vehicles with internal combustion engines (General Motors, 2012). This will be achieved through features such as cylinder deactivation, direct injection, variable valve timing, turbocharging with engine downsizing and six speed transmissions. GM expects for example the Chevrolet Cruze Eco to be capable of achieving an estimated 40 mpg on the highway with a traditional internal combustion engine. GM will expand their telematics and infotainment offerings and, as a result of the OnStar service and their partnerships with compani es such as Google, are positioned to deliver safety, security, navigation and connectivity systems and features (General Motors, 2012). GM Diversity Strategy At GM to serve a diverse global market with unique segments they view diversity as a business imperative that should be leveraged on to produce cars that match the different demands in the Market. In their diversity Strategy they focus on five areas (General Motors, 2012); they have customers all over the world and so are dealerships distributed to ensure customer tastes are reflected in GM products (General Motors, 2012). They also have an inclusive workplace environment of choice which allows employees to perform at their peak; including training of staff on diversity as a cultural and business imperative. Through the GM Foundation support to communities is given with an emphasis on diverse sectors; Health, Education, Human rights. Suppliers; through growth of diverse and competitive supply base are also thus included. Through its dealer development network whose mission is to provide a profitable dealer network across all brands that reflects the diversity of the American Market consistent with the US Government designation of the underrepresented groups by supporting: GM Women retail network whose purpose is to attract and develop women dealer. National Candidate Program which purposes to prepare women and minority potential candidates to become GM dealer owners and operators through training (General Motors, 2012) Vertical integration Vertical integration is the process through which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers. This can have a significant impact on a business units position in its industry with respect to cost, differentiation and other strategic issues, the vertical scope of the firm is an important consideration in corporate strategy. Expansion of activities downstream is referred to as forward integration and expansion upstream is referred to as backward integration (Quick MBA, 2010). GM expands its activities downstream. For the automotive industry, forward integration woul be into retail, repairs and servicing and this is exactly what GM is doing.GM enters into contracts with each authorized dealer agreeing to sell to the dealer one or more specified product lines at wholesale prices and granting the dealer the right to sell those vehicles to retail customers from an approved location. Their dealers often offer more than one GM brand at a single dealership in a number of their markets in order to enhance dealer profitability. Authorized dealers offer parts, accessories, service and repairs for GM vehicles in the product lines that they sell using GM parts and accessories. The dealers are authorized to service GM vehicles under their limited warranty program and those repairs are to be made only with GM parts. The dealers generally provide their customers access to credit or lease financing, vehicle insurance and extended service contracts provided by GM Financia l, Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally Financial) and other financial institutions (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2011). The quality of GM dealerships and their relationship with their dealers and distributors are critical to their success as dealers maintain the primary sales and service interface with the end consumer of their products. In addition to the terms of their contracts with their dealers they are regulated by various country and state franchise laws that may replace those contractual terms and impose specific regulatory requirements and standards for initiating dealer network changes, pursuing terminations for cause and other contractual matters (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2011). Chapter 8; 8.6, 8.7 Sell GM vehicles globally by continuing to compete in the largest and fastest growing markets globally. They intend to do this by broadening GMNA product portfolio, launching thirteen new vehicles in GMNA across the four brands in 2011 and 2012, primarily in the growing car and crossover segments, where, in some cases, GM is under-represented, and an additional twenty nine new vehicles between 2013 and 2014. GM believes that it has achieved a more balanced portfolio in the U.S. market, where they maintained a sales volume mix of 36% from cars, 38% from trucks and 26% from crossovers in 2010 compared to 51% from trucks in 2006. COMPETITIVE DRIVERS Refresh GMEs vehicle portfolio to improve product quality and product perception in Europe, by the start of 2012, GM plans to have 80% of the Opel/Vauxhall carlines volume refreshed such that the model stylings are less than three years old. Four product launches were scheduled for 2011. As part of the planned rejuvenation of Chevrolets portfolio, which increasingly supplements the Opel/Vauxhall brands throughout Europe, the entire Chevrolet lineup is to be moved to new global architectures (General Motors, 2012). COMPETITIVE DRIVERS Increase sales in GMIO, particularly in China to execute growth strategies in countries where GM already holds strong positions, such as China, and to improve market share in other important markets, including South Korea, South Africa, Russia, India and the ASEAN region. GM aims to launch 70 new vehicles throughout GMIO through 2012 (General Motors, 2012). To enhance and strengthen the GMIO product portfolio three strategies were to be employed: leveraging GM global architectures; pursuing local and regional solutions to meet specific market requirements; and expanding joint venture partner collaboration opportunities. Increase sales in GMSA, particularly in Brazil, GM was to launch 40 new vehicles throughout GMSA through 2011. To strengthen GMSA product portfolio GM had three strategies: leverage on global architectures; pursuing local and regional solutions to meet specific market requirements; and expanding joint venture partner collaboration opportunities (General Motors, 2012). COST DRIVERS; CSD Ensure competitive financing is available to dealers and customers by maintaining multiple financing programs and arrangements with third parties for the wholesale and retail customers to utilize when purchasing or leasing vehicles. Through long standing arrangements with Ally Financial and a variety of other worldwide, regional and local lenders, provide customers and dealers with access to financing alternatives. GM was to further expand the range of financing options available to its customers and dealers to help grow vehicle sales through two specific objectives: ensure certainty of availability of financing; and competitive and transparent pricing for financing, for dealers and customers. GM Financial was to offer increased availability of leasing and sub-prime financing for GM customers in the United States and Canada throughout economic cycles. Plans to use GM Financial to initiate targeted customer marketing initiatives to expand vehicle sales were also in the pipeline (Gener al Motors, 2012). Reduce breakeven levels through improved revenue realization and a competitive cost structure. In developed markets, GM was to improve its cost structure to become profitable at lower industry volumes. Capitalize on cost structure improvement and maintain reduced incentive levels in GMNA by sustaining the cost reduction and operating flexibility progress so far resulting from the North American restructuring. Current U.S. and Canadian hourly labour agreements provide the flexibility to utilize a lower tiered wage and benefit structure for new hires, part-time employees and temporary employees. GM was to increase vehicle profitability by maintaining competitive incentive levels with strengthened product portfolio and by actively managing production levels through monitoring of dealer inventory levels. The twelve months ended December 31, 2010 and based on GMNAs 2010 market share, GMNAs earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) would have achieved breakeven at GMNA wholesale volume of approximately 2.3 million vehicles, consistent with an annual U.S. industry sales volume of approximately 9.5 to 10.0 million vehicles (General Motors, 2012). COST DRIVERS; SE Execute the Opel/Vauxhall restructuring plan. GM expected the Opel/Vauxhall restructuring plan to lower vehicle manufacturing costs. The plan included manufacturing rationalization, headcount reduction, labour cost concessions from the remaining workforce and selling, general and administrative efficiency initiatives. Specifically, GM has reached an agreement to reduce European manufacturing capacity by 20% through, among other things, the closing of Antwerp facility in Belgium and the rationalization of the powertrain operations in our Bochum and Kaiserslautern facilities in Germany. Additionally, GM had reached an agreement with the labour unions in Europe to reduce labour costs by Euro 265 million per year. The objective of the restructuring, along with the refreshed product portfolio pipeline, was to restore the profitability of the GME business. Enhance manufacturing flexibility. Primarily produce vehicles in locations where they are sold and have significant manufacturing capacity in medium- and low-cost countries, intention being to maximize capacity utilization across the production footprint to meet demand without requiring significant additional capital investment. For example, GM was able to leverage the benefit of a global architecture and start initial production for the U.S. of the Buick Regal 11 months ahead of schedule by temporarily shifting production from North America to RÃ ¼sselsheim, Germany (General Motors, 2012). Maintain a strong balance sheet. Given the businesss high operating leverage and the cyclical nature of the Motor industry, GM was to minimize on financial leverage. Excess cash was to be used to repay debt and to make discretionary contributions to the U.S. pension plans. Based on this planned reduction in financial leverage and the anticipated benefits resulting from operating strategy described above, GM would aim to attain an investment grade credit rating over the long-term (General Motors, 2012). Internationalization and Information Communication Strategy General Motors GM seeks to leverage on ICT to increase operational efficiency while generating value through saved costs.To execute this strategy, GM embraced a globally unified business model that emphasized the deployment of highly standardized engineering and manufacturing platforms that could be easily implemented and supported in any market around the world. The global, standards-based operating model would accelerate GMs move into emerging markets and generate efficiencies and cost savings through the use of common infrastructure components and processes. Among key initiatives designed to support the new unified operating model, GM invested in information technologies to more tightly integrate its manufacturing plants across the globe, control costs, and accelerate the introduction of new communications and collaboration applications. Key to this strategy was the implementation of modern standards-based network architecture called the Plant Floor Controls Network (PFCN) at mo re than 150 GM manufacturing plants worldwide (Cisco, 2010). Based on a single set of Cisco-based network designs and equipment, the PFCN solution replaced GMs aging and heavily customized legacy networks that were becoming increasingly unreliable, as well as difficult and expensive to maintain. The move to the PFCN solution enabled GM to standardize the design of each plant network and establish a single engineering team that monitors and troubleshoots network operations globally. The result: network downtime has dropped by about 70%, leading to fewer unplanned work stoppages on the plant floor. Furthermore, GM now needs two-thirds fewer network engineers and analysts to support the same number of plants (Cisco, 2010). The standardized Cisco network design also helped GM rationalize and reduce its legacy inventory of network devices and spare parts, cutting inventory carrying costs by 70%. It also allowed GM to create cost-efficient global applications that can be rolled out to plants quickly, and to automate system-management tasks like upgrades and patches. As a result, GM now spends 30% less time managing plant software. According to an analysis by Mainstay Partners, GMs investment in the Cisco-based PFCN solution will generate a return on investment (ROI) of 166% (Cisco, 2010). The full range of benefits is illustrated in Figure 1 and includes: Figure 1 What? Financial Consequence $ Million Labor Cost Saving as a result an efficient deployment of network Engineers 21.2 Labor cost saving from more efficient deployment of network operations analysts 53.9 one-off savings from faster network setups at each plant 16.4 Cost Saving from leaner inventory quantities 5.4 Reduced lost unit profit contribution from higher network uptime 76.4 Total PFCN additional benefits in the next five years (estimate) 173 (Cisco, 2010) Describe the processes through which the strategy has been developed/formed based on your findings and knowledge/experience. (i.e., is it intended as a written document (as a plan), or emergent as a pattern of decision-making/activities/behaviours. Refer to Chapter 12). Chapter 12 Evaluation of GMs intended strategy As consequence of many years of bad strategic decisions and operational troubles GM US market share has fallen to 20 percent for the first time in decades (51 percent at the peak of the company dominance) and its sales outside the United States now almost equal its domestic sales. GM has become a bureaucratic organization with immense dimensions and difficult to manage. The innovation and customer focus orientation that once served as the pillar of the organization had blurred. For many years now, GM has been producing boring and low quality cars with lack of innovation and distinctiveness creating a total disconnection between customers needs and its products (Vaccara, 2009). GM core problems were: Deficient product development (including lack of innovation) and the difficulty to develop cars that appeal to the market had created a bad reputation for its brands and the company in general. Lack of customer focus orientation and the impossibility to listen to the market voice had been impeding GM to create customer value and therefore hurting its sales in large scale. Disproportioned increase in healthcare and benefits costs giving in to union demands and creating a program that paid workers even when plants were not running had created financial deficiencies and affected cash flows and operations. The increasing size of its divisional organizational structure due to bureaucracy and the difficulty to manage many brands across many markets around the world had developed into a major managerial problem for the company (Vaccara, 2009). Emergent strategy On 2nd June, 2009, General Motors declared itself bankrupt in a legal filing at a federal courthouse in downtown Manhattan, kicking off the biggest industrial insolvency in US history. According to GMs bankruptcy filing, the company had assets of $82.3 billion, and liabilities of $172.8 billion. That would make GM the fourth largest U.S. bankruptcy on record, according to Bankruptcydata.com, just behind the 2002 bankruptcy of telecom WorldCom (Cark, 2009). GM used the trip into bankruptcy court to shed plants, dealerships, debt and other liabilities it could no longer afford. Emerging out of bankruptcy quickly was a new GM, made up of the four brands that GM would keep in the U.S. market; Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC and Buick as well as many of its more successful overseas operations (Isidore, 2009). Obama said the massive reorganization of GM would leave the US government holding 60% of the companys equity. But it was necessary to preserve an iconic symbol of American business and maintain a viable US auto industry (Cark, 2009). Todays GMs business strategy is developed as a result of the failures of the Old GM and their determination not to repeat the same mistakes. Most of the current strategies are part of those imposed on the old GM when it borrowed money. Evaluate innovation/entrepreneurship practices/strategies used by the organization. Refer Chapter 9. Innovation and Entrepreneurship GMs innovation is driven by market pull. Market pull reflects a view of innovation that goes beyond invention and sees the importance of actual use. At GM, managements are making an effort to establish a direct connection with customers and giving the impression that their voice is now important for the company. It now offers a 60 day satisfaction warranty. This strategy is reflected under the slogan: If you dont love it well take it back. GM is also producing some environmentally friendly vehicles. A more environmentally conscious population seem to be very interested and this strategy seems to work fine due to the rising cost of fuel. Therefore it is extremely necessary to address issues like availability of alternative fuels and revise current infrastructure to estimate feasibility of the strategy in the long run (Vaccara, 2009). Open or closed innovation Open innovation means that valuable ideas can come from inside or outside the company and can go to market from inside or outside the company as well (Chesbrough, 2003), while closed innovation is a traditional approach to innovation where organizations rely on their own internal resources; its laboratories and marketing departments (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011). GM applies an open innovation framework. GM gathers its data from customer clinics and marketing surveys and combine this information with formalized assessments of new technology. These analyses are used to guide vehicle and feature concept studies, which are critically reviewed to determine appropriate responses to emerging market and business opportunities. A response can be that no action is taken on a particular idea if they do not think it will yield true value for the customer. But more typically, the response leads to action, which is taken along one of two paths (Howell, 2000). The first path is to get it into the product now. This route is taken if the technology is ready and getting it into a product is just a matter of final development and vehicle integration. In this case, it is targeted for a production date and becomes part of the product plan. When a technology is not yet mature, it is the responsibility of the RD Center to develop it to the point where it is ready for integration into a future product (Howell, 2000). The intent of the innovation process is to ensure that a steady stream of product and technology options is developed on the basis of the companys sense of where the market is headed. These options are potential responses that GM can use to capitalize quickly on new opportunities. The process is designed to be dynamic, with new information and ideas moving continuously through the system. Each time the company goes through an innovation cycle, they gain knowledge and discover new ways to apply it to subsequent product and technology programs (Howell, 2000). Innovators or Followers The key choice of GM managers is to be leaders and not followers. The firm is trying to get its innovation out to the market and make it first than anybody else. GM wants to become a worldwide leader automaker providing total customer value through customer-driven service, innovation, technology and competitive operations. They want to re-invent the automobile industry focusing on protecting and contributing to a cleaner world. They want to become a good place to work, a place in which every employee feels proud of its responsibilities and performance with the company. A place in which, customers and suppliers are their top priority and communications with them are fluent in every possible contact point. A place in which, distributors are proud to become part of their family and feel confident of the quality and safety of their products. Finally, they must experiment with ideas to develop new designs and innovative products and launch them accordingly, to satisfy consumer taste and a llow stockholders to realize a fair return on their investment (General Motors, 2011). Conclusion